ABY WARBURG 

bilderatlas mnemosyne

the art of producing ghost images

BY GÜLAY YAŞAYANLAR

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The thematIc orderIng of the Images In BIlderatlas Mnemosyne Is both tantalIsIng and threatenIng, revealIng that each of the materIals has the value of a hIstorIcal clue. Here, creatIve potentIal memory comes Into play and the seemIngly harmonIous state of the Images gaIns Importance through the structurIng of a problematIc of comprehensIon by means of the montage technIque. In the successIve order of the Images, theIr reconcIlIatIon, whIch is essentIally Interrupted among themselves, often leads to an alIenatIon rather than the fusIon brought about by montage.

bilderatlas mnemosyne as an art practice

Aby Warburg, Bilderatlas Mnemosyne – The Original, 2020 (installation view). Photo: Silke Briel. (Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin) Exhibition: Aby Warburg: Bilderatlas Mnemosyne – The Original, 4 September – 1 November 2020, Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin. 

Bilderatlas Mnemosyne has an anti aura created by copied and reproduced images, mostly in grey tones. The juxtaposed images naturally form faded clusters. It is like a labyrinth with no exit, shaped in contrasts and followed by a quick eye scan. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly understand the relational plane formed by the leaning of images against each other, the cultural weight and the strange thinking experience experienced here. As a matter of fact, Aby Warburg’s act of moving things out of their accustomed places and into a new context-space by staying in an impossible temporal circulation accompanied by a blurred memory is important in terms of turning into an action that takes on a schizoid character. Here, the new locations of the reproduced ghost images on the black panel assemblies determined on psychosomatic grounds point not only to the variable existence of images, but also to the controversial results of the negotiations carried out by a critical language. 

In Bilderatlas Mnemosyne, where the history of culture becomes a field of science and artistic expression, the images compiled and brought together from different times are actually at the centre of the cultural flow revealed by an associative unconscious on a horizontal axis. Moreover, in this sequence, it is possible to speak of a clear anachronism rather than a historical development of images. Therefore, it is inevitable that some images, which are used in an exaggeratedly diversified manner, create a speculative perception of history. And each ghost image production, by entering into a relationship with the other, spreads the renewed thoughts over the entire surface of the panels, as if writing a story. Therefore, in Bilderatlas Mnemosyne, it is possible to see the clear traces of an increasingly emotionalised selective mind and an effort to construct memory in every image pile concentrated in the details of thematic titles. 

Bilderatlas hayalet görüntüler

Sequence of the panels in the exhibition, Aby Warburg: Mnemosyne, ZKM | Karlsruhe, 2016 / © Forschungsgruppe Mnemosyne & 8. Salon (https://artmap.com/zkm/exhibition/aby-warburg-2016)

Aby Warburg, Mnemosyne Atlas, 1929 (last version), Panel 48 (reconstruction by Roberto Ohrt and Axel Heil, 2020). Photo: Tobias Wootton. (Warburg Institute/Fluid, London)

the art of producing ghost images

Bilderatlas Mnemosyne is an ironic and critical project of modern times, as relevant for art history as it is for cultural history. The discussions on the ghost atlas, carried to the present day with attempts to revive the panel assemblages, capture different human expression patterns through stories of obsessive cultural memory and question their relationality with deviations in the order of the image. In this process, the unconscious orientation towards deviation reveals the extraordinary reality of the imagination that effectively gave birth to Warburg’s art of producing ghost images. It is therefore normal for Warburg’s approach to appear in the surreal structure of the atlas format, in the blurred space of a repressed past, of things not yet and still unformed or manifested. The atlas format is, in fact, a convenient model of artistic expression for revealing the imagery substituted in the psycho-geography of the mind by means of a set of symbols and images, and for making visible the confusing thesis of the relationship between civilisations. In this respect, Bilderatlas Mnemosyne is an order of representation shaped by the remembering memory, which deals with cultural ruptures or time jumps observed in different disciplines, and precedes traumatic conflicts through images and symbols expressing intense emotions, and reveals them in the grey area formed. In addition to being Warburg’s repressed dark cave, it is a contradictory map and a great queer collage where all kinds of hedonistic constructions are expressed, activating thought algorithms that have not yet been disclosed. It is an anti aura interrogation that moves from the iconic and glorified work of art to the critical and contemporary change dynamics of hybrid forms.

In other words, the representational images exhibited in the Bilderatlas Mnemosyne phantasmagoria, the uncanny space of a fictional experience, are forced into inter-temporal psychic migrations to such an extent as to arouse desire, and are transformed into ghosts stripped of their colours, becoming new art objects of early modernist sensibility. However, when looking at such an alienated apparatus, it is possible to see the original, experimental, sincere and irrational qualities of the sense of ordinariness created by rapidly grasped nomadic images, a logic of sensation that is dialectically constructed but fed by a disrupted flow. Moreover, against the harmonious and aesthetic disciplinary logic of art history, a different understanding of culture and art history has emerged, shaped by the transitivity of the conceptual pair of art-science, in which a magical inter-image solidarity is intrinsically woven. Here, provocative images, which are transformed into counter-images, shake the existing imagination, highlight an invisible system of relations, and even bring it closer to the practice of art. What Agamben refers to as Science Without a Name is precisely at this point a commentary on the mysterious and unnamed side of culture and art consciousness, which is exhibited here in a new and fragile way. (1) This anonymous or collective psychic plane, which Warburg traces, harbouring intertwined and assembled images of passion and anticipating the future, is fuelled by the power of an imagination characterised by purely aesthetic deviations. And this heterogeneous situation is also the manifestation of a subjective sensibility that structures an antithesis by fusing symbols with each other.

notlar

1  Giorgio Agamben, “Aby Warburg and the Nameless Science”, Potentialities, English Translation: Daniel Heller Roasen, Stanford University Press, Standford 89-166.

warburg melancholia

In Aby Warburg, the understanding of science and art, which appears to be sloppy but determines a cultural ideology by gaining profound form and meaning, has created an allegorical universe of meaning that brings together the archaic, classical and modern in a cognitive consensus model and qualifies them in the company of collective imagination. Therefore, in Bilderatlas Mnemosyne, which makes this visible, Warburg has created a new psychoanalytic cosmology of meaning that becomes clear in the aura of things by realising the assembly of image and linguistic analysis in a memory network. Especially the still and faded images on the panels transform this conceptual quality into a magical dimension that undergoes metamorphosis: Images suddenly lose their representational value and become fluid and permeable forms of subjective passions. Here, in fact, a totality of effects, which we can also call Warburg Melancholia, comes into play. The dialectical schemes created by the displacement experiments regarding alternative views that exist on Atlas’s route and develop on the intermediate roads are actually questioned within this framework. Thus, the visual codes of the variable and continuous (ghostly) forms of the spirit of antiquity, which feeds a different cultural ideology and/or is laden with internal contradictions, and which includes the classical period as well as the modern, are discovered.

As a result, the reproduced photographic images acquire a philosophical content and constitute the visual field of an intellectual expression. In fact, the photographs used by Warburg have already become progressive images of early modernism. On the threshold of artistic creativity, these ghostly images, stripped of colour, clearly nourish the spirit of systematic conflict between image and time in Bilderatlas Mnemosyne and complement a unique, restless and contradictory aesthetic.  

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TOPICS 

gül duo

prof. gülay yaşayanlar Artist, art writer and curator. She has numerous publications on current issues, theoretical debates and prominent artist attitudes in the field of plastic arts. She lives and works in Izmir and London.

BILDERATLAS MNEMOSYNE  (1925 – 1929)

Aby Warburg izinde

Aby Warburg, Bilderatlas Mnemosyne – The Original, 2020 (installation view). Photo: Silke Briel. (Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin) Exhibition: Aby Warburg: Bilderatlas Mnemosyne – The Original, 4 September – 1 November 2020, Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin. 

With his recovery in 1924, Aby Warburg embarks on new research and study trips and drafts a number of important lectures. During this period, when the Bilderatlas Mnemosyne was created, he also prepared a series of paintings and exhibition projects to accompany his lectures. The arrangements to accompany the nature and length of his lectures are remarkable for their experimental quality and appearance. Moreover, the multiple connections of the didactic propositions reflected in these arrangements and their plasticity, which is suitable for linguistic enactment based on visual synchronicity, are of utmost importance. This approach shows that we are confronted with real experimental arrangements, with an exuberant display practice that replaces the linearity of the gaze, especially in the field of art history. Warburg used the atlas format in his picture arrangements, which can present the available visual material together and transform it into a completely independent medium. In this respect, atlas assemblages have both an epistemic and aesthetic dimension that exhibits open knowledge formations; they aim to present the intellectual and sensory quality of knowledge. With the atlas format, Warburg makes the artefacts, which exemplify the storage of strange or original data on the themes he explores in the social (visual) memory, the constant oscillations between wild thought and faith enlightenment, more vivid through their presentation rather than through a purely linguistic description. Each panel consists almost entirely of Warburg's distortions and montages of various paintings, maps, photographs, manuscripts, contemporary images from newspapers and magazines. Warburg's approach, in fact, developed a comprehensive art historical understanding of image migration, an analytical theoretical model with cultural-psychological references, which enabled the interaction of selected reproductions through their juxtaposition and opposition.

Bkz. Aby Warburg, Bilderreihen ve Ausstellungen. Gesammelte Schriften-Studienausgabe, Cilt II.2, Editörler: Uwe Fleckner ve Isabella Woldt, eds. Akademie Verlag, 471 pages, Almanca, 2012. 

PREPARED BY  GÜLAY YAŞAYANLAR & MÜMTAZ SAĞLAM

ON ABY WARBURG VE BILDERATLAS MNEMOSYNE 

EXHIBITION & CATALOGUE

LIGHTENING SYMBOL AND SNAKE DANCE / 2022-23

Lightning Symbol and Snake Dance / Aby Warburg and Pueblo Art, Exhibition Poster (detail), Tasarım: Rocket & Wing

Blitzsymbol und Schlangentanz: Aby Warburg und die Pueblo-Kunst (Kulturgeschichte) Authors: Christine Chaves and Uwe Fleckner, Hatje Cantz Verlag, 400 pages, English, hardcover, March 2022.

 

EXHIBITION

lightning symbol and snake dance: aby warburg and pueblo art

Exhibition, Curators: Uwe Fleckner and Christine Chaves, 4 March 2022 – 8 Ocak 2023, MARKK / Museum am Rothenbaum Kulturen und Künste der Welt Rothenbaumchaussee 64 20148 Hamburg.

The Aby Warburg Collection is comprehensively presented with the Lightning Symbol and  Snake Dance. In his famous 1923 lecture on the Snake Ritual, Warburg described in detail his 1895/96 journey through the American Southwest and his encounters with Pueblo societies there. The exhibition analyses the cultural significance of this travel and observation and critically examines the artistic position of Pueblo societies.

BOOK PUBLICATIONS

E.H. Gombrich, Aby Warburg: An Entellectual Biography / Phaidon Press Ltd. 456 pages, English, Hardback, August 1997.  

Uwe Fleckner, Der Blitz und die Schlange: Aby Warburgs Amerikanische Reise (Kulturgeschichte), Hatje Cantz Verlag, 150 pages, English, Hardback, November 2023.

Hans C. Hönes, Tanged Paths: A life of Aby Warburg, Reaktion Books, 288 pages, English, Hardcover, May 2024. 

Aby Warburg 150, Work, Legacy, Promise Edited by: David Freedberg and Claudia Wedepohl, 464 pages, De Gruyter Publishing, English, 1st Edition, April 2024.

Warburg and snake dance

Blitzsymbol und Schlangentanz: Aby Warburg und die Pueblo-Kunst (Kulturgeschichte) Authors: Christine Chaves and Uwe Fleckner, Hatje Cantz Verlag, 400 pages, English, hardcover, March 2022.

aby warburg

Lara Bonneau, Lire l’œuvre d’Aby Warburg à la lumière de ses Fragments sur l’expression, 264 pages, French Edition, softcover, Şubat 2022. 

 

Aby Warburg Miroirs de faille – À Rome avec Giordano Bruno et Édouard Manet, 1928-29, Edited: Maurizio Ghelardi, L’écarquille Published, French Edition, softcover, 224 pages, June 2011.

aby warburg

Aby Warburg: Essay Florentins, Edited: Eveline Pinto and Sibylle Muller, Hazan Published, French Edition, softcover, 368 pages, April 2015. 

 

Bilderatlas Mnemosyne

Aby Warburg: Bilderatlas Mnemosyne / Das Original, Edited by Haus der Kulturen der Welt and The Warburg Institute; Roberto Ohrt, Axel Heil, Publisher: Bundeskunnsthalle Bonn, Hardcover 2020.

Christopher D. Johnson,  Memory, Metaphor, and Aby Warburg’s Atlas of Images, Ithaca: Cornell University Library and Cornell University Press, 2012.

Bilderatlas Mnemosyne

Aby Warburg, Atlas Mnemosyne, Translator: Joaquin  Chamore Mielke, Akal Ediciones SA, 192 pages, Spanish, Hardcover, Marc 2010. 

Aby Warburg: Bilderatlas Mnemosyne / The Original, Edited by Haus der Kulturen der Welt and The Warburg Institute; Roberto Ohrt, Axel Heil, Publisher: Hatje Cantz, 184 pg. English, Hardcover 2020.

Gerhard Richter: Atlas, Editor: Helmut Friedel,  Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König/D.A.P., Second edition, Following the first of 1997. 862 pages. 2011. Köln/New York.

Atlas: How to Carry the World on One’s Back?, Editor: Georges Didi Huberman, 421 pages, English, 2011.

atlas katalog ZKM

Aby Warburg: Mnemosyne Bilderatlas ZKM 2016, Editor: Georges Didi Huberman, Kartoffelverlag, Universal-futur-Bitch Press, 2016

ABY WARBURG

aby warburg

Aby Warburg (1866–1929) Hamburg'da doğmuştur. Bir bilim insanı ve koleksiyoncudur. Bankacılık yapan Yahudi bir ailenin en büyük oğludur. Hayat boyu kendisine sağlanacak maddi destek karşılığında, kitap ve araştırma masraflarının karşılanması koşuluyla miras haklarının bir kısmını kardeşine devretmiştir. Bonn, Floransa ve Strazburg'da sanat tarihi okuyan Warburg, önemli bir Rönesans Sanatı uzmanı olarak kabul edilir. Erken dönem çalışmalarında Jakob Burckhardt’ın etkisindedir. Bu dönemde, Floransalıların antik çağda ne gördüğünü ve pagan kültürü bağlamında yaratılan sembollerin on beşinci yüzyıl İtalya'sında neden yenilenmiş bir canlılık içinde ortaya çıktığını anlamaya ve sormaya çalışır. Warburg, 1892'de Botticelli'nin Venüs'ün Doğuşu ve Bahar adlı eserleri üzerine tezini tamamladı. Erken İtalyan Rönesansı'nda Antik Çağ Temsillerinin İncelenmesi adıyla 1893'te basılan eser, sanat tarihinde ikonografik ve ikonolojik yöntemler için bir başlangıç olarak kabul edilir.

İZMİR - LONDON

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Can Sağlam - Gülay Yaşayanlar Mümtaz Sağlam, 2025.