Gerhard Richter, Lilak/Lilas, Details, 1982 (CR 494), Huile sur toile, 2 panneaux / Oil on canvas, 2 parts, 260 x 200 cm chaque / each, Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris, Photographe : Louis Bourjac.

 

gerhard richter

abstraction as an experience of liberation

MÜMTAZ SAĞLAM

"

IN HIS ABSTRACT ARRANGEMENTS DEFINING A DISTINCTIVE AND CONTINUOUS ART PRACTICE, GERHARD RICHTER HAS PERSISTENTLY AND DECISIVELY PLASTERED, SO TO SPEAK, THE BURDEN AND WEIGHT OF HALF A CENTURY ONTO ABSTRACT WALLS. THE LAYERED SURFACE-TEXTURE SEEMS COMPRESSED WITH THIS EMOTIONALITY. THEREFORE, IT IS POSSIBLE TO DEFINE WARNINGS SEEPING INTO THE INTERVALS, THE ENTIRE ABSTRACT PLANE ENVISIONING A DYNAMIC DEPTH THAT HARASSES PERCEPTION, AS PERSONAL IMPRESSIONS REFERRING TO INDETERMINACY. EVIDENTLY, GERHARD RICHTER TAKES GREAT PLEASURE IN DRAGGING HIS PAINTINGS INTO A VOID SHAPED BY COINCIDENCES, SCRAPING OR SCRATCHING THEM UNTIL THEY ACQUIRE A PAINTING BELONGING AND IDENTITY.

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Gerhard Richter, Abstract Painting, 2016, Oil on canvas, 200×250 cm., Catalogue Raisonné 946-1, Gerhard Richter Kuntstiftung.[https://www.gerhard-richter.com/en/art/paintings/abstracts/abstracts-2005-onwards-69/abstract-painting-18668]

Gerhard Richter’s early period works are primarily concerned with questioning the mechanisms by which photographic images shape collective memory. The artist has not delayed in entering into an approach that erases and reconstructs forms with the technique called Vermalung on surfaces created with monochrome colors. (1) With his abstract works reflecting the dynamism of the 1980s, presented as a clear action-form event, he has also prioritized experimentality and improvisation, transforming or covering the narrative together with figurative patterns.

The Abstract Paintings series carries an innovative quality in this context. Insistently developing this series that began with small-format works, the artist begins to paint monumental canvases with an iconicized scraping movement and technique. In this production shaped in pursuit of spontaneous formations, he becomes increasingly skilled at determining the direction and changing the speed of the scraping movement he performs on the canvas. He knows how to achieve an extremely sensitive texture quality by taking advantage of the drying speeds of paint, obtaining pictorial surfaces of surprising diversity.

With the Abstract Paintings (Abstrakte Bilder) series, Richter essentially questions the formal and conceptual possibilities of painting. He prioritizes surface and interface determination with carefully designed experiments. It is evident that this approach, which foregrounds the pure physical presence of color and appears as an action-form event, is shaped by simultaneous abstraction that is as coincidental as it is in pursuit of what is foreseen by consciousness and intuition.

NOTES

1 This technique, developed by Richter and known as Vermalung, involves dragging, mixing, and blending wet paint layers across the canvas using a wide rake or scraper. Moreover, he consciously relinquishes control and allows the paints to blend according to their own dynamics. This creates both intentional and unpredictable results. Typically, multiple layers of paint are applied. Each layer blends with the previous one, creating complex, textured surfaces. For Richter, Vermalung is also a way to explore the mechanical and random aspects of painting. While attempting to erase the traces of the artist’s hand and emotion, he paradoxically achieves highly expressive visual results. This is part of his reflection on the autonomy of his artwork and the image-making process itself.

Gerhard Richter Main Page Cage Paintings

Gerhard Richter, Cage 2, (P19-2), 2020, diasec-mounted giclée print in colours, 2020, on aluminium composite panel, numbered 158/200 in black ink on the reverse, published by Heni Productions, London, with their inkstamp on the reverse. Executed in 2020, this facsimile object is number one hundred and fifty eight from an edition of two hundred. 100×100 cm. [https://onlineonly.christies.com/s/contemporary-edition-london/gerhard-richter-b-1932-67/214843]

abstraction as an experience of liberation

Toward the 2000s, these paintings, which carry an almost fictional universe, complete their development as the correspondence of a need for expression alongside undefined and blurred abstract constructs. They transform into visual language records regarding the disappearance experienced between layers. They gain meaning and value as a formulation experience or an experience of liberation that hides the traces of personal history.

Moreover, it is also possible to read this production, which stands close to the formal existence of painting and has been converted into an abstract position by becoming almost anonymized, through story connections that seem disconnected in places or have lost their depth. Therefore, the number of interpretations structured as different conceptual clusters, coded with emotional or reactive productions, through this gaze connected to periodic aesthetic perception, social and historical changes is not few. However, it would be more appropriate to define the abstract paintings produced with a transcendent formal will, moving through the image and representation problematic, as personalized mechanisms that cancel content connections. Because Richter always prefers to continue his art approach in a distanced contact, in a language-representation discussion, on an aesthetic plane that displaces meaning in places. Precisely for this reason, subjectless and abstract surfaces appearing on giant-sized canvases are perhaps best expressed and understood with an exaltation that best expresses this complex sensation.

In such arrangements defining a distinctive and continuous art practice, Richter has persistently and decisively plastered, so to speak, the burden and weight of half a century onto abstract walls. The layered surface-texture seems compressed with this emotionality. Therefore, it is possible to define warnings seeping into the intervals, the entire abstract plane envisioning a dynamic depth that harasses perception, as personal impressions referring to indeterminacy. Evidently, Gerhard Richter takes great pleasure in dragging his paintings into a void shaped by coincidences, scraping or scratching them until they acquire a painting belonging and identity.

Mümtaz Sağlam  Copyright © Kasım 2025, All Rights Reserved

Mumtaz Smallpx

prof. mümtaz sağlam  Art writer and curator. He has numerous publications on current issues, theoretical debates and prominent artist attitudes in the field of plastic arts. He lives and works in Izmir and London.

ON THE GERHARD RICHTER’S ART

Gerhard Richter
gerhard richter (main page)
Gerhard Richter Birkenau
GY / a collective bending and formal excess in richter's paintings
Gerhard Richter
MS / gerhard richter: a blurred visual of disappearance
GY / gerhard richter: birkenau paintings / psychological excavation areas
Gerhard Richter Birkenau
GY / gerhard richter: a psychological experience constructing its own reality
Gerhard Richter
MS /gerhard richter: in pursuit of the pictorial

PARIS EXHIBITIONS / 2025 – 2026

fondatıon louıs vuıtton / parıs

Gerhard Richter, Retrospective, Curators: Dieter Schwarz and Nicholas Serota, October 17, 2025–March 2, 2026, Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris, France,

DAVID ZWIRNER / PARIS

Gerhard Richter, Solo Exhibition, October 20, December 20 2025, David Zwirner, 108, rue Vieille du Temple, 73003 Paris, France.

EXHIBITION CATALOGUE

Gerhard Richter, Contributors: Dieter Schwarz, Designer: Silke Fahnert and Uwe Koch, Publisher: David Zwirner Books, Printer: Triofolio-Verona, 192 pages, English, New York 2023.  

Gerhard Richter Main page DZ Catalog Cover
Gerhard Ricther Main page LV Catalogue

EXHIBITION CATALOGUE

Gerhard Richter, Authors: Nicholas Serota and Dieter Schwarz, Contributors: Michael Lüthy, Georges Didi-Huberman, Guy Tosatto, Dietmar Elger, Publisher: Fondation Louis Vuitton, Citadelles&Mazened, English, 416 pages, Papperback with flab, October 2025, Paris. 

PAINTING SERIES AND PROJECTS

DRAWINGS

Gerhard Richter Main Page Drawings
Gerhard Richter
10.7.2024, 2024Mixed media on paper, 21 x 29,7 cm, 
Private collection. Photo: Georgios Michaloudis, farbanalyse, Köln.
© Gerhard Richter (18102025)

Richter stopped painting on canvas in 2017. After this date, he focused on drawing. These works, drawn and painted on A4 paper, consist of independent experiments produced with coloured ink and pencil. They resemble diaries kept in drawings. They directly reflect the artist’s intellectual and emotional intensity in a fluid manner. In addition to rulers, compasses and other tools, he uses erasers and scrapers, just as he does in his paintings. He also employs frottage techniques and solvent chemicals to create stains. This experimental approach, which increasingly evokes the visuality of maps, filled with vibrating contours, erasures and stains, reflects a strange spontaneity in exploring the visual possibilities of drawing as a medium. It seems to be stuck in the flow between perception and reflection, chasing imagination, continuing to find things that are not there or missing what is right in front of us.

STRIP-TOWER

Gerhard Richter, 
Strip-Tower,  
25 April 2024 – 9 February 2025, Serpentine South Gallery, 
Kensington Gardens, London. Image: Strip-Tower (2023) by Gerhard Richter © 2024, Gerhard Richter, Prudence Cuming Associates.

Strip-Tower (2023) is a project that expands on Richter’s sixty years of research in the fields of painting, photography, digital reproduction, and abstraction. The artist, who began developing the Strip Paintings series in 2010, transformed his photographed and scanned work Abstract Painting 724-4 into horizontal and vertical strips by dividing it into two strips in a digital environment, then four, eight, sixteen, and thirty-two strips. The vertical strips of the painting were stretched horizontally, laminated onto aluminium, and covered with plexiglass. The colourful striped ceramic tiles that form Strip-Tower are a dense composition covering intersecting vertical panels. This work is essentially based on Richter’s ongoing interest in reflections, systems, and repetitions. It has become a symbolic monument to the artist’s approach of self-examination through painting, photography, digital reproduction, and abstraction, which has occupied his practice for over sixty years. [https://www.serpentinegalleries.org/whats-on/gerhard-richter-strip-tower/]

CAGE PAINTINGS

gerhard richter main page cage paintings
Gerhard Richter
Cage 6, 2006, Oil on canvas, 300×300 cm. 897-6, Tate Collection, London UK. Exhibiton: Gerhard Richter: Cage Paintings
19 April – 26 June 2021, Gagosian Gallery, New York, USA

A series of paintings designed by Gerhard Richter in 2006 is named after the American experimental composer John Cage. The Cage paintings are the result of gradual and layered painting and erasure processes. Their surfaces consist of erased and scratched marks, brushstrokes, and painted areas that can appear delicate and fluid as well as coarse and rigid. Interested in John Cage’s ideas about ambient sound and silence, Richter took a radical approach in this series, refusing to use his hands and instead employing his famous eraser. Richter also created a six-part series of prints in 2020 that continues the influence of this series. Both in their painted and printed forms, the Cage paintings are an important series that brings together a painterly process that questions the emotional impact of colours and transforms into improvisation through dynamic body movements.

ATLAS

Atlas
Gerhard Richter, 
Atlas / Sheet 8, 1962-1966, Newspaper photos, 
51.7 cm x 66.7 cm. Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus und Kunstbau, Munich, Germany. © Gerhard Richter
 

STRIP PAINTINGS

Richters “9214 STRIP” . Hundreds of bands and striations in innumerable intense colors allow your gaze no rest. Richter’s “921-4 STRIP” (2011). Hundreds of bands and striations in innumerable, intense colors allow your gaze no rest.Art Courtesy Marian Goodman Gallery
Gerhard Richter
921-4 Strip, 2011,
Oil on canvas. Photo: Marian Goodman Gallery

Richter’s Strip paintings are an original and conceptual series that emerged in the later stages of his career. They are quite different from his abstract works. They consist of his abstract paintings being transformed into thin coloured strips based on digital photographs of them. The Strip series is a process of further abstracting an already abstract painting. Here, Richter focuses on the transformation of the image and the issue of data loss or gain. This new painting practice, which means the complete disappearance of the artist’s hand, produces visually stimulating structures consisting of coloured vertical or horizontal lines. On the other hand, this series of paintings, which began in 2011, is considered one of the most radical expressions of Richter’s thoughts on the process of making art. It involves a deep questioning of fundamental issues such as what a painting is, the role of the artist, and image production in the digital age.

4900 COLOURS

Gerhard Richter
4900 Colors,
Exhibition View, 12 March – 17 July 2021, Espace Espace Louis Vuitton, Séoul / Korea © Courtesy of the artist and Fondation Louis Vuitton
 

4900 Colours consists of bright monochrome squares randomly arranged in a grid pattern to create dazzling kaleidoscopic layers of colour. The 196-square panel, comprising 25 coloured squares, is designed to be configured in various variations, from a single large-scale piece to numerous smaller images. Richter developed a special version consisting of 49 paintings for the Serpentine Gallery in 2008. 4900 Colours was partly inspired by Richter’s design for the south transept window of Cologne Cathedral, which replaced stained glass windows destroyed during the Second World War. The 4900 Colours concept played an important role in its development. The development of 4900 Colours was also influenced by Richter’s first series in 1966, grid paintings created by copying industrial colour charts produced by paint manufacturers on a large scale. As in his photographic paintings, his use of found material as a source eliminated the artist’s subjective compositional preferences; however, the Colour Chart Paintings took this a step further by eliminating the hierarchy between subject and representational purpose and focusing on colour to create an egalitarian artistic language.

Gerhard Richter
11 Panels, 886-5, 2004, Glass and wood, Object each: 2780 x 2120 x 8 cm. Tate and National Galleries Scotland Collection. © Gerhard Richter 

GLASS AND MIRROR PANELS

Gerhard Richter has produced glass and mirrored works that contain genuine reflections on the nature of pictorial representation. The artist seeks to explore the possibilities of these materials in order to reproduce visual reality or to continue experimenting with colours, textures, techniques and gestures. He produced his first glass works in 1967, thereby opening up a new field of work and thought related to debates on representation and perception. For example, the sculpture 11 Panels (2004) utilises the material’s ability to be viewed from within as well as its reflective properties. The transparency of each glass panel, leaning against the wall at different angles, multiplies the reflections into distorted shapes, which constantly change as the viewer approaches and moves away from the work. The blurring effect is reminiscent of that seen in Richter’s figurative paintings.

REPRESENTED BY

David Zwirner Paris
108, Rue Vieille du Temple
75003 Paris
France

David Zwirner is a prominent art gallery renowned for hosting innovative, original and pioneering exhibitions. Having helped numerous artists develop their careers, David Zwirner opened his first gallery in New York’s SoHo district in 1993. In the early 2000s, it relocated from SoHo to Chelsea. In 2012, it opened its gallery in London’s Mayfair district, followed shortly thereafter by galleries in Hong Kong, Paris, and, two years ago, Los Angeles, which boasts extensive exhibition spaces and facilities. David Zwirner also contributes to the art world through an online gallery programme, a podcast called Dialogies, and content production under the name Utopia Edition. He also continues to publish catalogues and books under the name David Zwirner Books. In 2021, he established a comprehensive company called Platform where artworks can be purchased.

Fondation Louis Vuitton
8, Avenue du Mahatma Gandi
Bois de Boulagne, 75116 Paris
France

The Fondation Louis Vuitton, housed in a building designed by Frank Gehry and considered one of the most iconic works of 21st-century architecture, has been open since 24 October 2014 and is dedicated to showcasing creative and innovative projects. It prioritises major exhibitions that evaluate contemporary art developments from a historical perspective. In addition to productions such as ‘Keys to Passion’, ‘Icons of Modern Art, the Shchukin Collection’, “Courtauld Collection: A Vision for Impressionism‘, ’Icons of Modern Art, The Morozov Collection‘, as well as exhibitions dedicated to important artists such as ’Inventing a New World: Charlotte Perriand‘ and ’Simon Hantaï – Centenary Exhibition”. The foundation is currently hosting a retrospective of the renowned German artist Gerhart Richter.

GERHARD RICHTER

Gerhard Richter (b. 1932) was born in Dresden, Germany. He spent his childhood and youth in Waltersdorf. Between 1951 and 1956, he studied art at the Dresden Hochschule für Bildende Künste. In 1959, he visited Documenta II in Kassel, West Germany, and this experience inspired him to change his artistic direction. He left East Germany in 1961. He resumed his studies at the Staatliche Kunstakademie in Düsseldorf. In 1972, he was selected to represent Germany alone at the Venice Biennale. The artist, who has held solo exhibitions at many renowned galleries and museums, has produced a wide variety of works that appear extremely complex within a stylistic transition derived from the relationship between photography and painting. The artist, who takes a deep look at the issue of representation and the material reality of art, lives and works in Cologne. (Photo: Timothy Greenfield Sanders)

GUIDE / 2021-2025 PUBLISHED

İZMİR - LONDON

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